本文实例讲述了CentOS7服务器环境下vsftpd安装及配置方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下:
0x:卸载vsftpd
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12345 | [root@localhost ~] # yum remove vsftpd [root@localhost ~] # find / -name "vsftpd*" /etc/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd .conf.bak [root@localhost ~] # rm -fr /etc/vsftpd/ |
1x:重新安装
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123 | [root@localhost home] #yum -y install vsftpd [root@localhost home] # systemctl start vsftpd.service [root@localhost home] # systemctl status vsftpd.service |
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12345678910 | ● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon
Loaded: loaded ( /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd .service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-11-09 21:15:18 EST; 8s ago
Process: 5716 ExecStart= /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd .conf (code=exited, status=0 /SUCCESS )
Main PID: 5717 (vsftpd)
CGroup: /system .slice /vsftpd .service
└─5717 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd .conf Nov 09 21:15:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon... Nov 09 21:15:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. |
Active: active (running) 说明安装已完成
2x:本地用户配置
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1234567 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # useradd test1 [root@localhost vsftpd] # passwd test1 Changing password for user test1. New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password: passwd : all authentication tokens updated successfully. |
添加test1本地帐户。下面是用业查询本地帐号。及黑名单
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1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # cat /etc/passwd [root@localhost vsftpd] # vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers [root@localhost vsftpd] # vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list [root@localhost vsftpd] # cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root: /root : /bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin: /bin : /sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon: /sbin : /sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm: /var/adm : /sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp: /var/spool/lpd : /sbin/nologin sync :x:5:0: sync : /sbin : /bin/sync shutdown :x:6:0: shutdown : /sbin : /sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt: /sbin : /sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail: /var/spool/mail : /sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator: /root : /sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games: /usr/games : /sbin/nologin ftp :x:14:50:FTP User: /var/ftp : /sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/: /sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/: /sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/: /sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:997:User for polkitd:/: /sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89:: /var/spool/postfix : /sbin/nologin chrony:x:998:996:: /var/lib/chrony : /sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH: /var/empty/sshd : /sbin/nologin mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server: /var/lib/mysql : /bin/bash www:x:1000:1000:: /home/www : /bin/bash nginx:x:997:995:nginx user: /var/cache/nginx : /sbin/nologin virtual:x:1001:1001:: /home/ftpsite : /bin/bash virtual1:x:1002:1002:: /home/ftpsite : /bin/bash vsftpd:x:1003:1003:: /home/vsftpd : /sbin/nologin overlord:x:1004:1004:: /home/overlord : /sbin/nologin test1:x:1005:1005:: /home/test1 : /bin/bash [root@localhost vsftpd] # vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers # Users that are not allowed to login via ftp root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail news uucp operator games nobody [root@localhost vsftpd] # vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list # vsftpd userlist # If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file # If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and # do not even prompt for a password. # Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers # for users that are denied. root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail news uucp operator games nobody |
现在使用Windows ftp 来登录及测试
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123456789101112131415 | C:\Users\xiaor> ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): test1 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 230 Login successful. ftp > pwd 257 "/home/test1" ftp > ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. 226 Directory send OK. ftp > |
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1 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # touch /home/test1/showme.txt |
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123456789101112131415161718 | ftp > ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. showme.txt 226 Directory send OK. ftp : 收到 15 字节。用时 0.00秒 15.00千字节/秒。 ftp > ftp > get showme.txt 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for showme.txt (0 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. ftp > ftp > put winfile1.txt 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Ok to send data. 226 Transfer complete. ftp : 发送 9 字节。用时 0.00秒 4.50千字节/秒。 ftp > |
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12 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # ls /home/test1/ showme.txt winfile1.txt |
坚信vsftp安装后不对/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf做任何修改就可以通过新建的Linux用户(本地用户)访问下载和上传文件。
其它与次无关
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1234567891011121314151617 | cat /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list userlist_enable=YES userlist_deny=NO userlist_file= /etc/vsftpd/user_list tcpdump -i eth0 src host hostname (明文) touch /home/test1/test1 .txt local_root= /tmp/test1_root/ local_max_rate=0 groupadd tg gpasswd -a test1 tg chown root:tg /tmp/test1_root/ chmod 775 /tmp/test1_root/ ll /temp/ chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) chroot_list_file= /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list |
3x:匿名用户配置
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1234567 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf anonymous_enable=YES anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES [root@localhost vsftpd] # systemctl restart vsftpd [root@localhost vsftpd] # touch /var/ftp/pub/lm.txt [root@localhost vsftpd] # chown ftp /var/ftp/pub |
服务器配置上面的就可以访问并上传文件到pub目录下
可能会出现的问题:
1。想当然给 ftp用户 /var/ftp/目录 权限出现下面问题
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123456789101112 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # chown ftp /var/ftp/ [root@localhost vsftpd] # ll -d /var/ftp/ drwxr-xr-x. 3 ftp root 4096 Nov 10 17:03 /var/ftp/ C:\Users\xiaor> ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot() 远程主机关闭连接。 |
解决方法:
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12 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # chown root /var/ftp [root@localhost vsftpd] # chown ftp/var/ftp/pub |
2。Windows CMD(命令行)会出下面错误及处理
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12345678910111213 | C:\Users\xiaor> ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 230 Login successful. ftp > ftp > ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 425 Failed to establish connection. ftp > |
解决方法:
可以在ftp下使用命令:quote PASV
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4x:虚拟用户配置(重头戏。最推荐)
1。添加虚拟用户口令文件并生成认证文件
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123 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # vi /etc/vsftpd/vuser.txt [root@localhost vsftpd] # yum -y install db4-utils [root@localhost vsftpd] # db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vuser.txt /etc/vsftpd/vuser.db |
2。编辑vsftpd的PAM认证文件
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1234567891011121314 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd 在其文件中添加下面两行。并注释其它行 auth required /lib64/security/pam_userdb .so db = /etc/vsftpd/vuser account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb .so db = /etc/vsftpd/vuser #%PAM-1.0 #session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke #auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers onerr=succeed #auth required pam_shells.so #auth include password-auth #account include password-auth #session required pam_loginuid.so #session include password-auth auth required /lib64/security/pam_userdb .so db = /etc/vsftpd/vuser account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb .so db = /etc/vsftpd/vuser |
3。建立本地映射用户并设置宿主目录权限
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1234 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # useradd -d /home/vftproot -s /sbin/nologin vuser [root@localhost vsftpd] # ll /home/ [root@localhost vsftpd] # chmod 555 /home/vftproot/ [root@localhost vsftpd] # ll /home/ |
4。修改配置文件。重启vsftpd服务。并测试
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12345 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf guest_enable=YES guest_username=vuser pam_service_name=vsftpd [root@localhost vsftpd] # systemctl restart vsftpd.service |
5。调整虚拟用户权限。并继续设置:到此下载可以但上传是不是行的
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1234567891011 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf anonymous_enable=NO local_enable=YES anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES [root@localhost_centos vsftpd] # systemctl restart vsftpd.service [root@localhost vsftpd] # mkdir /home/vftproot/pub [root@localhost vsftpd] # chmod 777 /home/vftproot/pub [root@localhost vsftpd] # ll -d /home//vftproot/pub drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 16:33 /home//vftproot/pub |
至此虚拟用户上传也是可以了!
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12345678910111213141516171819202122 | C:\Users\xiaor> ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 230 Login successful. ftp > ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. pub t1.txt 226 Directory send OK. ftp : 收到 16 字节。用时 0.00秒 16000.00千字节/秒。 ftp > cd pub 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp > put abc.txt 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Ok to send data. 226 Transfer complete. ftp > |
6。设置可能会碰到的问题
A。500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()
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123456789 | C:\Users\xiaor> ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot() 远程主机关闭连接。 |
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1 | [root@localhost vsftpd] # chmod 555 /home/vftproot/ |
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123456789 | C:\Users\xiaor> ftp 192.168.5.147 连接到 192.168.5.147。 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) 200 Always in UTF8 mode. 用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl 331 Please specify the password. 密码: 230 Login successful. ftp > |
B。530 Login incorrect
解决办法:/etc/pam.d/下面的vsftpd里面的/lib 修改为/lib64
5x:防火墙设置
3。配置ftp
打开etc/vsftpd.conf
将chroot_list_enable=NO改为chroot_list_enable=YES
设置被动模式端口
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12 | pasv_min_port=30000 pasv_max_port=30000 |
5。防火墙设置
添加30000端口为被动模式用。如果要开户主动模式则需要添加20端口
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12 | firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=30000 /tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload |
通过命令:firewall-cmd --list-ports
查看开通的端口
希望本文所述对大家CentOS服务器配置有所帮助。
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